Identifying and nonidentifying relative clauses

AN IDENTIFYING RELATIVE CLAUSE  — THAT / WHICH                

An identifying (restrictive) relative clause adds information or narrows the noun to a specific one, group or lot.  The clause helps by telling us which one, where or when. The pronoun which is used when it is preceded by a preposition.  NO COMMAS are used to set off the clause. The pronoun that is more commonly used.

               

The water that I drank last night contained sodium. (identifies the specific one)

The car that runs off of a lithium-ion battery is surprisingly fast.

The problem about which I wrote is the subject of today's lecture.

The prison that is located in San Francisco Bay was a depressing place to work.

A NONIDENTIFYING RELATIVE CLAUSE — WHICH

A non-identifying (non-restrictive) relative clause adds extra information about a noun already identified by other means, for example, by name, by shared knowledge or context. The clause is just adding extra or interesting information. That is not used in a nonidentifying clause. COMMAS are used before and after the clause. 

               

The Evian water, which I drank last night, contained sodium. (adds extra info)

The Tesla, which runs off of a lithium-ion battery, is surprisingly fast.

The Lost Generation , about which I wrote, is the subject of today's lecture.

Alcatraz Prison, which is located in San Francisco Bay, was a depressing place to work.

source: http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/clauses-5.html

FIPS State Codes for the States

 

FIPS State Codes for the States and the District of Columbia
Name	FIPS State Numeric Code	FIPS State Alpha Code	Name	FIPS State Numeric Code	FIPS State Alpha Code
Alabama	01	AL	Missouri	29	MO
Alaska	02	AK	Montana	30	MT
Arizona	04	AZ	Nebraska	31	NE
Arkansas	05	AR	Nevada	32	NV
California	06	CA	New Hampshire	33	NH
Colorado	08	CO	New Jersey	34	NJ
Connecticut	09	CT	New Mexico	35	NM
Delaware	10	DE	New York	36	NY
District of Columbia	11	DC	North Carolina	37	NC
Florida	12	FL	North Dakota	38	ND
Georgia	13	GA	Ohio	39	OH
			Oklahoma	40	OK
			Oregon	41	OR
Hawaii	15	HI	Pennsylvania	42	PA
Idaho	16	ID	Rhode Island	44	RI
Illinois	17	IL	South Carolina	45	SC
Indiana	18	IN	South Dakota	46	SD
Iowa	19	IA	Tennessee	47	TN
Kansas	20	KS	Texas	48	TX
Kentucky	21	KY	Utah	49	UT
Louisiana	22	LA	Vermont	50	VT
Maine	23	ME	Virginia	51	VA
Maryland	24	MD	Washington	53	WA
Massachusetts	25	MA	West Virginia	54	WV
Michigan	26	MI	Wisconsin	55	WI
Minnesota	27	MN	Wyoming	56	WY
Mississippi	28	MS

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Table 2 FIPS State Codes for the Outlying Areas of the United States, the Freely Associated States, and Trust Territory Area Name FIPS State Numeric Code FIPS State Numeric Code Status American Samoa 60 AS 1 Federated States of Micronesia 64 FM 3 Guam 66 GU 1 Marshall Islands 68 MH 3 Northern Mariana Islands 69 MP 1 Palau 70 PW 4 Puerto Rico 72 PR 1 U.S. Minor Outlying Islands 74 UM 2 Virgin Islands of the U.S. 78 VI 1

Status:

1.  Under U.S. sovereignty.

2.  An aggregation of nine U.S. territories: Baker Island,

Howland

Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway

Islands,

Navassa Island. Palmyra Atoll. and Wake Island. Each territory

is

assigned a FIPS County Code in FIPS PUB 6-3, and may be

individually

identified through a combination of the FIPS State Code (74 or

UM) and

the appropriate FIPS County Code.

3.  A Compact of Free Association with the United States of

America is

now in full force. It was announced by Presidential proclamation

on

November 3, 1986.

4.  Remains a trust territory.

source: http://www.itl.nist.gov/fipspubs/fip5-2.htm